9) THE US SUPREME COURT'S JUNE 2013 RULINGS ON GAY MARRIAGE CASES REFLECT THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ENLIGHTENMENT IDEALS IN A WAY THAT ENLIGHTENMENT-ERA THINKERS THEMSELVES PROBABLY NEVER FORESAW. DISCUSS:
The Enlightenment-era thinkers could probably never have envisioned that their ideals of equality, liberty, freedom, human rights, and citizenship would be applied to same-sex marriage. This is a concept that has only recently been supported by a slim majority of Americans in the 21st century. But these ideals are universal, democratic rights and have to do with the Humanist Philosophy of this worldly, as opposed to other worldly. There is a saying that you cannot prepare for everything, but you can prepare for anything. There is no way anybody can see every possibility that the future might hold, but with these universal Enlightenment Ideals we can apply them to any possibility that might come about.
10) DISCUSS THE LONG TERM SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
Factory production mostly replaced small scale farms and artisans, with an emphasis on greater efficiency and output. There was mass migrations to urban centers for wage labor, science was applied to production and assembly, export and trade increased, and capitalism and profit became paramount for business. The Industrial Revolution caused the creation of new social classes, including the working class and the middle class. The mass urban migration of young workers has created over-crowding, strained infrastructure, and pollution in the urban centers. The capitalism created brought great wealth and world influence to the western world.
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